Lead

Lead is a toxic heavy metal that has no safe level of exposure. In drinking water, it typically comes not from the source water but from lead pipes, brass fittings, and lead-based solder in older plumbing.

Why it matters

The ADWG sets a guideline of 0.01 mg/L (10 ug/L). Lead exposure through drinking water is a concern because:

• It accumulates in the body over time
• Children are particularly vulnerable — even low levels can affect brain development and learning
• Symptoms of chronic low-level exposure are often not apparent until significant damage has occurred

Risk factors in Australia

• Homes built before 1989 may have lead solder in copper pipe joints
• Homes built before the 1930s may have lead service pipes
• Acidic water (low pH) accelerates lead leaching from plumbing

Reducing exposure

• Run the tap for 30 seconds each morning before use (flushes stagnant water)
• Use cold water for cooking and drinking (hot water dissolves more lead)
• If concerned, have your water tested at a NATA-accredited laboratory